Explorer, adventurer and linguistic genius, Sir Richard Francis Burton was the first Englishman to enter Mecca, the holy city of Muslims. Fluent in Arabic and the traditions of Islam, Burton joined the hajj - the pilgrimage to Mecca - incognito. The Royal Geographical Society hoped Burton's efforts would add detail to the "huge white blot" on their Arabian maps. His resulting Pilgrimage to Medina and Mecca was of great anthropological and literary merit, and brought him much notoriety.